Friday, November 27, 2015

Validity ~ A Key Standard of Scientific Research

Validity ~ A Key Standard of scientific Research


By Prof. Mauri Yambo
(1996; updates: 2004, 2006, 2015)


INTRODUCTION

Nine key standards, or principles, of scientific research can be gleaned from texts on research method. As I see them, they are:


3. Control
4. Measurability
5. Validity
6. Reliability (Pending)
7. Objectivity (Pending)
8. Ethics 
9. Representativeness.

I say something about each of the nine standards in separate posts, as shown in the links above. What I want to briefly talk about here is the validity standard. 


Validity means the applicability, genuineness, appropriateness or truthfulness of the methods, instruments, tools, measures (or indicators), or arguments used in the quest for knowledge, or search for answers to vexing questions – and therefore of the conclusions arrived at.  


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[CSO 302, CSO 501]

Wednesday, November 25, 2015

Pope Francis Has Landed in Nairobi: Karibu

Pope Francis' (Alitalia) plane landed at JKIA in Nairobi some 8 minutes ago (around 4:38 p.m., GMT+3). Plane's flying two flags -- Kenya's and, I suppose, the Vatican's. Pope exits the plane, whose main door opened several minutes ago, at 4:50 p.m. Greeted with ululations. A Catholic choir sings choice songs of greetings, all in Swahili. President Uhuru Kenyatta, First Lady Margaret, Catholic Church leaders and selected dignitaries are all there to meet and welcome His Holiness. There's little visible pomp for this Pope.

As the entourage 'flows' away from the plane and, I suppose, toward the exit, the Pope takes time to bless the airport crowd, and to soak in some traditional dancing. There's no lingering around, is what I'm seeing, as the dignified flow soon leaves the open spaces and into the built (5:05 p.m.).

Then everyone -- Pope, President (First Lady),Cardinals, Bishops, Priests, Nuns, Diplomats, Politicians (who revel in bolidiks 24/7), Singers, Dancers and the adoring wananchi -- 'splits' in various directions, just as their transport arrangements dictate. And then the airport do is all over (5:15 p.m.), but for residual TV images.

Soon attention pivots toward Mombasa Road, which 'passes the baton' to Uhuru Highway at Nyayo Stadium, which then just glances by downtown Nairobi (this city with many tales to tell) to places beyond. The Pope's next stop is State House.

This post ends at 5:45 p.m., with the Pope already at State House.

PS: I've been watching the Pope's arrival from home (via KTN), if you wanted to know.


READ/SEE MORE:
1. NBCNews "All Systems GO: Africa Ready to Host Pope Francis"
2. The Telegraph: Pope Francis in Pictures: The 30 best photos from his first year in office
3. Google: Images of Pope Francis Visit to US
4. BBC News: Pope Francis Celebrates Brazil Mass in Copacabana Beach

Tuesday, November 24, 2015

Micro Fiction: The Thing

He couldn't, yes he could, have stopped looking so so furiously for the one thing he desperately wanted to not lose. No one ever found out what it was. But he had it right there in his bigger fist, and didn't know it. That fateful day, standing there at the edge of a massive, God-forsaken canyon, he threw his hands in the air, up up as far as he could, as high as anyone could remember, or reach, and soon saw the awful thing that he, and he alone, had done with his fabled fist. For the thing he'd been looking for slipped from his hand and began to fall into a depth beyond measure; depth of all depths, is what anyone could think of. Bottomless canyon, as deep and as unforgiving as a black hole in a far-flung galaxy. And it fell and fell and he couldn't let (it) go. He couldn't let it go there. And so he dived after it, and wouldn't let go of his one desire.

There was a massive upward draft just then which wouldn't let him go either. And so it fell and fell, as he, with no wings to fly, first hovered, over the lip of that horrid nothingness, kite-like. Like a seagull. Hovered for what seemed like forever to everyone there that day, but him. And then fell. Fell and fell. Fell, it was stunning to see, backwards. Backwards!

His feet dangling the wrong way. Which was upward. Up and upper, his feet led, leading the way as well for all the eyes that were there on that day of reckoning. And his weaved hair, long and lustrous, dangled every which sort of way, too. And he fell and fell, upward; past everyone, past every tree-top, away from the ring of mountains that was all over that place. Away from the earth, past the moon even, and past yonder. It was a wonder.

And then he was gone, as all events go. Slipped dramatically away. From the grip of wary, day-to-day remembrance. Gone!

On a clear night you can see him still. See what became of him, and what he became, after all those years someone will still have to count for all the rest. Streaking in a dark, thunderless sky, past one twinkling star after another -- headed some place no one and not even he, perhaps, ever figured out -- wanting only, and so very much, to get the thing back in his hand. So that he could go and show it to mama. Lost there to everyone.