Saturday, February 10, 2018
MUSIC (Classic, Congolese): Tabu Ley's Christine
The video we have here is a re-release of an old song from the last millennium by maestro Rochereau as a 21st century #LingalaPop clip. It is widely known even by today's fans that Rochereau later assumed the more 'authentic' name of Tabu Ley, in a Congo which, in an orgy of renaming -- of people and places, and a country -- had chosen to call itself Zaire, 'under the influence' of Mobutu Sese Seko. And it is as Tabu Ley that he features in the video, as singer and dancer and more.
Click to watch the video
Tabu Ley introduces the song himself. We can't wait for the song to start. And then we see it, an old song from the sixties in a new HD light -- with a redefinition of 'contemporary' dance moves, and with dancers in sort of new-age clothes. And still all ballad and all melody -- fine, fine melody! A second coming!
But the original version of the song exists still. And it is exactly the same as the new. Except that, truer to its age and times, it is in audio. And so nobody's dancing, and no one's there to show off fancy things. All sound and neither flow nor frenzy nor fury of bodies in motion, then. Everything is vocal and so instrumental, and everything is left to the discerning ear and to the imagination -- and so so enveloping.
Click here for the original audio version of Christina
READ: A brief on Tabu Ley's early life
READ: More on Tabu Ley's life-story
Dr. Nico Kassanda's "Mokili Ya Nzambe"
I have already said all I wanted to say for now about Dr. Nico Kassanda, and will not say any more for a while -- lest I overly repeat myself. Click here to read what I've said: Nico Kassanda's "Echantillon Ya Pamba".
All that I should possibly add is this: Mokili Ya Nzambe's vibes set us on a journey of sorts -- a journey of the mind and of reflection. The instrumental intonations spike the more even-keeled melody to yield the sense of a long train-ride, such as those which many of us remember still. Rides up and down the Great Rift (the 'escarpment'), across vast plains and awesome trees in between them -- such as the all-enveloping night would allow one to see -- all for to see Mama and the siblings who had been terribly missed.
Click here for the audio of Mokili Ya Nzambe
So Mokili Ya Nzambe is for me, in a word, an anthem for homesickness. I'm thinking just now, also, that I did listen to it a lot when I was a student at Dar. But the link between the lyrics and the reflections must remain fiction, of course, in the absence of (until there is) a translation of the words.
PS: You may click here to find my earlier take on Mokili Ya Nzambe.
So Mokili Ya Nzambe is for me, in a word, an anthem for homesickness. I'm thinking just now, also, that I did listen to it a lot when I was a student at Dar. But the link between the lyrics and the reflections must remain fiction, of course, in the absence of (until there is) a translation of the words.
PS: You may click here to find my earlier take on Mokili Ya Nzambe.
Friday, February 09, 2018
MUSIC (Congolese): Nico Kassanda's "Echantillon Ya Pamba"
Maestro (Dr.) Nico Kassanda has a hallowed place in the pantheon of the golden era of Congolese music. His music, as that of a number of his great contemporaries, are integral to all that those of my generation remember from a past which, speaking about music and certain other things, was glorious. It was an era in which the dominant pop in all of Eastern and Central Africa was #LingalaPop.
Here, I play again a song of his which stands out for me in various ways, and which brings back a certain feeling of fondness -- and a fondness of feeling, as well. We didn't interpret the songs, because the language of the lyrics was something hopelessly beyond us. We plainly savored whatever we considered the best -- as more than a handful were then, and are even now.
This Echantillon Ya Pamba [I translate that loosely, armed only with a poetic licence, as "This fine, this caressing, this enchanting bouquet of finest cotton"] -- this 7:29-minute affair -- starts slowly and in a somewhat nondescript fashion. We did come to discover with keen listening over time that this was typical 'scripture' there, in the "Lungs of the Earth".
We got to realize that a pick-up in pace and passion almost invariably materialized, sort of out of a predictable blue. There was, thus, nearly always a validation of the faith we had in, shall we say, the ingenuity and even genius of our heroes. A validation of the most melodious kind, if I may say so.
And, thus, "Sikiya namuna gitaa iko na liya" -- initiated by one balladeer -- became an ever-ready 'rallying-call'. Let me loosely translate that quaint Swahili line this way: "Hey, listen to the fancy stringplay, by the guitarist!" But we did know that the trumpeter had his vital role, too; as did the saxophonist and the percussionist. What we had, indeed, was a 'full' Orchestre -- or Jazz. Or both! In the best of songs, as in Echantillon, a tumult of sound and passion.
Click here to listen to the Audio
[And now re-start a third of the way into Echantillon, and take in all those measured doses of lilting magic!]
I'd like to say this:
"The air that hangs over
The Band is highly charged
Air, and so is that which
Sur-rounds all its sides."
We got to realize that a pick-up in pace and passion almost invariably materialized, sort of out of a predictable blue. There was, thus, nearly always a validation of the faith we had in, shall we say, the ingenuity and even genius of our heroes. A validation of the most melodious kind, if I may say so.
And, thus, "Sikiya namuna gitaa iko na liya" -- initiated by one balladeer -- became an ever-ready 'rallying-call'. Let me loosely translate that quaint Swahili line this way: "Hey, listen to the fancy stringplay, by the guitarist!" But we did know that the trumpeter had his vital role, too; as did the saxophonist and the percussionist. What we had, indeed, was a 'full' Orchestre -- or Jazz. Or both! In the best of songs, as in Echantillon, a tumult of sound and passion.
Click here to listen to the Audio
[And now re-start a third of the way into Echantillon, and take in all those measured doses of lilting magic!]
I'd like to say this:
"The air that hangs over
The Band is highly charged
Air, and so is that which
Sur-rounds all its sides."
Top 40 Happiest Songs By or Featuring African Queens in 2017 ~ #TheYamboSelection
Introduction and Selection Criteria for Africa's Top Songs of 2017
After the belated publication of Africa's Top Songs for each of the years running from 2010 to 2013, the 2017 list now represents the eighth annual ranking in #TheYamboSelection series. The same criteria have been used this year (January to December 2017) as were used last year to select and rank the best pop songs out of those released or published during the year. The longest list of top songs had 25 titles in 2014, but this number has been set at 40 since 2015.
Before the entire Top 40 list is released, smaller "vertical" segments are released as follows: Top 5, Top 10, Top 20 and Top 25 (where we can't go from 20 straight to 40, for one reason or another). This is intended to facilitate subsequent online search by individuals who may be interested only in specific segments...READ MORE
HERE, THEN, THE LISTING AND RANKING OF TOP 40 HAPPIEST SONGS FEATURING AFRICAN QUEENS ~ #YaSE
[Note: Lists for earlier years appear at the bottom of this page]
Click on any Song's title below to watch the video:
[Follow Mauri Yambo]
40. Yegwe Munange by Serena Bata (2017):
Yegwe Munange (= It's you, Babe) is more than the usual music video offering. It has a distinctive visual-arts orientation, as if the product of a self-respecting School of READ MORE
39. Only You by Amber Lulu (2018):
A rousing tune invites all to this jam session filled with pleasant sounds and "brave" visuals. Amber Lulu is fully engaged in this beat filled act. It ends too soon, alas, at 2:44 minutes.
38. Ya Nini by Alicios and Khaligaph Jones (2017):
Ya Nini, sung in both Swahili and Lingala as well as some English, is a fusion of rap (infused with Sheng) and a rousing version of Lingala Pop. It is a sort of Eastlands READ MORE
37. Dede by Mimi Mars (2017):
A relaxed and confident Mimi sings an adorable song here, about all those hard-to-express love feelings that felt Love easily engenders. It has a lovely tone, too, which READ MORE
36. Unanimaliza by Ray C (2017):
Ray C's early works are well-remembered by those who heard them. In tone and mien, Unanimaliza (= you finish me), is back-to-the-future of sorts.The tune's good. Her eyes still finish men.
35. John Rambo by Sheebah (2017):
John Rambo is Sheebah's latest personification of her love-idea. He's a good excuse for fine and suggestive moves and postures, as well as lovey lyrics. And she's of course READ MORE
34. Shuga by Mimi Mars (2017):
Shuga is a high-spirited love song, packed with tender feelings. Mimi Mars, the songstress, plays here the role of a love-bird getting set to welcome her man (her Shuga) READ MORE
33. iNDE by HEAVY-K ft Bucie x Nokwazi (2017):iNDE is a journey of the mind, a long Love Journey, across expansive landscapes and all those years gone. It's about defiance built on relived betrayals. Yet Love needs Love still.
32. Weekend by Sheebah ft. Runtown (2017):
Weekend -- Wikendi, if you like -- as sung by Sheebah and Runtown, is a superb collaboration between two musical pillars in Uganda and Nigeria. The video invokes READ MORE
31. Suited by Shekhinah (2017):
Suited is a song of deepest commitment, earnestly sung by this iconic but still mysterious South African singer, Shekhinah. "Suited for each other", she declares to her READ MORE
30. Hata Sielewi by MwanaFA ft. Maua Sama (2017):
Hata Sielewi ( = I don't really understand what you're saying) portrays the difficulties experienced when attempting to express love sentiments across language barriers READ MORE
29. Attention by Vivian ft. Redsan (2017):
Attention is a cheerful song by two Kenyan artistes. It fuses two genres -- Genge (Vivian) and Reggae (Redsan). It is energetic and fun -- with cheerful voices and engaging dance-hall tunes.
28. Bebe by Nana Fofie (2017):
Bebe has an alluring beat, which brands the whole song. It grabs you (the whole of you) right away, with its moderate pace. It doesn't let go. We have high-def optics READ MORE
27. Give it to Me by Lulu Diva (2017):
Lulu Diva's puff-puffing, equatorial train-ride is as a fine an excuse as you can get for another kind of journey she's prepared just for you (guys): a seductive and READ MORE
26. Tukiggale by Eddy Yawe ft. Carol Nantongo (2017):
Tukiggale (= "Let's [get] close") is a song full of cheer, and such an enjoyable 'moment'. Every second of it is a thrill, and every thrill cascades. It shares out ample servings of READ MORE
25. Fire by Diamond Platnumz ft. Tiwa savage (2017):
Diamond Platnumz and Tiwa Savage light a Fire that grabs our attention with its catchy tunes and upbeat delivery, and will not let go. All of that is raised notches higher by the READ MORE
24. Bajaj by Navy Kenzo ft. Patoranking (2017):
As we hear in the song's refrain, the essential message which singers Navy Kenzo (the Tanzanian duo) and Patoranking (the Nigerian) push in Bajaj is: Never treat a woman READ MORE
23. Usimwache by Lulu Diva (2017):
Usimwache ("Don't you leave him") is a friendly, feel-good song of advice. It sugarcoats improbable counsel to a friend contemplating parting ways with her beau. He, READ MORE
22. All Over by Tiwa Savage (2017):
All Over is anthem for a tropical/summertime interlude between summer this and summer next. Away from, well, everything. Tiwa and all dem gals be havin' a READ MORE
21. Do Me Good by ExQ ft. Lulu Diva (2017):
Do Me Good is a boisterous coming together of yin and yang. It's an imaginary, rough-edged expression of sub-Saharan attraction. The two singers, from READ MORE
20. Green Light by Cuppy x Tekno (2017):
Cuppy and Tekno, ppl of the same ilk! They have the Green Light to Pom! Pom! To have a gooood and unforgettable time. We got it too -- listening, watching with measure READ MORE
19. Say What you Want by Siza ft. Eugy (2017):
While Eugy stays happily in the background, Siza, with her regal mien and enchanting eyes, stands out in Say What You Want. She has a rich array of sovereign vocal READ MORE
18. Ezizweni by Mobi Dickson ft. Barita (2017):
Mobi Dickson is all cheer in Ezizweni. And so are we. It's in her beaming visage. In her period-piece vocals. And in her O so charming moves. She got rhythm, too. READ MORE
17. Air by Di'ja (2017):
Whistling Di'Ja is the reason for this journey, on which we find her. With a coterie of friends, she's soon singing about her onliest Air. Can't breathe without him. The tune's pretty good.
16. Forever by Eazzy ft. Mr. Eazi (2017):
Forever is an altogether sunny duet, with relationship-enhancing lyrics. Ms. Eazzy puts all her heart into this thing, with easy moves and cat-like shout-outs. Mr. Eazi is solid rock.
Click on any Song's title below to watch the video:
[Follow Mauri Yambo]
40. Yegwe Munange by Serena Bata (2017):
Yegwe Munange (= It's you, Babe) is more than the usual music video offering. It has a distinctive visual-arts orientation, as if the product of a self-respecting School of READ MORE
39. Only You by Amber Lulu (2018):
A rousing tune invites all to this jam session filled with pleasant sounds and "brave" visuals. Amber Lulu is fully engaged in this beat filled act. It ends too soon, alas, at 2:44 minutes.
38. Ya Nini by Alicios and Khaligaph Jones (2017):
Ya Nini, sung in both Swahili and Lingala as well as some English, is a fusion of rap (infused with Sheng) and a rousing version of Lingala Pop. It is a sort of Eastlands READ MORE
37. Dede by Mimi Mars (2017):
A relaxed and confident Mimi sings an adorable song here, about all those hard-to-express love feelings that felt Love easily engenders. It has a lovely tone, too, which READ MORE
36. Unanimaliza by Ray C (2017):
Ray C's early works are well-remembered by those who heard them. In tone and mien, Unanimaliza (= you finish me), is back-to-the-future of sorts.The tune's good. Her eyes still finish men.
35. John Rambo by Sheebah (2017):
John Rambo is Sheebah's latest personification of her love-idea. He's a good excuse for fine and suggestive moves and postures, as well as lovey lyrics. And she's of course READ MORE
34. Shuga by Mimi Mars (2017):
Shuga is a high-spirited love song, packed with tender feelings. Mimi Mars, the songstress, plays here the role of a love-bird getting set to welcome her man (her Shuga) READ MORE
33. iNDE by HEAVY-K ft Bucie x Nokwazi (2017):iNDE is a journey of the mind, a long Love Journey, across expansive landscapes and all those years gone. It's about defiance built on relived betrayals. Yet Love needs Love still.
32. Weekend by Sheebah ft. Runtown (2017):
Weekend -- Wikendi, if you like -- as sung by Sheebah and Runtown, is a superb collaboration between two musical pillars in Uganda and Nigeria. The video invokes READ MORE
31. Suited by Shekhinah (2017):
Suited is a song of deepest commitment, earnestly sung by this iconic but still mysterious South African singer, Shekhinah. "Suited for each other", she declares to her READ MORE
30. Hata Sielewi by MwanaFA ft. Maua Sama (2017):
Hata Sielewi ( = I don't really understand what you're saying) portrays the difficulties experienced when attempting to express love sentiments across language barriers READ MORE
29. Attention by Vivian ft. Redsan (2017):
Attention is a cheerful song by two Kenyan artistes. It fuses two genres -- Genge (Vivian) and Reggae (Redsan). It is energetic and fun -- with cheerful voices and engaging dance-hall tunes.
28. Bebe by Nana Fofie (2017):
Bebe has an alluring beat, which brands the whole song. It grabs you (the whole of you) right away, with its moderate pace. It doesn't let go. We have high-def optics READ MORE
27. Give it to Me by Lulu Diva (2017):
Lulu Diva's puff-puffing, equatorial train-ride is as a fine an excuse as you can get for another kind of journey she's prepared just for you (guys): a seductive and READ MORE
26. Tukiggale by Eddy Yawe ft. Carol Nantongo (2017):
Tukiggale (= "Let's [get] close") is a song full of cheer, and such an enjoyable 'moment'. Every second of it is a thrill, and every thrill cascades. It shares out ample servings of READ MORE
25. Fire by Diamond Platnumz ft. Tiwa savage (2017):
Diamond Platnumz and Tiwa Savage light a Fire that grabs our attention with its catchy tunes and upbeat delivery, and will not let go. All of that is raised notches higher by the READ MORE
24. Bajaj by Navy Kenzo ft. Patoranking (2017):
As we hear in the song's refrain, the essential message which singers Navy Kenzo (the Tanzanian duo) and Patoranking (the Nigerian) push in Bajaj is: Never treat a woman READ MORE
23. Usimwache by Lulu Diva (2017):
Usimwache ("Don't you leave him") is a friendly, feel-good song of advice. It sugarcoats improbable counsel to a friend contemplating parting ways with her beau. He, READ MORE
22. All Over by Tiwa Savage (2017):
All Over is anthem for a tropical/summertime interlude between summer this and summer next. Away from, well, everything. Tiwa and all dem gals be havin' a READ MORE
21. Do Me Good by ExQ ft. Lulu Diva (2017):
Do Me Good is a boisterous coming together of yin and yang. It's an imaginary, rough-edged expression of sub-Saharan attraction. The two singers, from READ MORE
20. Green Light by Cuppy x Tekno (2017):
Cuppy and Tekno, ppl of the same ilk! They have the Green Light to Pom! Pom! To have a gooood and unforgettable time. We got it too -- listening, watching with measure READ MORE
19. Say What you Want by Siza ft. Eugy (2017):
While Eugy stays happily in the background, Siza, with her regal mien and enchanting eyes, stands out in Say What You Want. She has a rich array of sovereign vocal READ MORE
18. Ezizweni by Mobi Dickson ft. Barita (2017):
Mobi Dickson is all cheer in Ezizweni. And so are we. It's in her beaming visage. In her period-piece vocals. And in her O so charming moves. She got rhythm, too. READ MORE
17. Air by Di'ja (2017):
Whistling Di'Ja is the reason for this journey, on which we find her. With a coterie of friends, she's soon singing about her onliest Air. Can't breathe without him. The tune's pretty good.
16. Forever by Eazzy ft. Mr. Eazi (2017):
Forever is an altogether sunny duet, with relationship-enhancing lyrics. Ms. Eazzy puts all her heart into this thing, with easy moves and cat-like shout-outs. Mr. Eazi is solid rock.
15. Your Matter by Seyi Shay ft. Eugy x Efosa (2017):
In "The Ballad at (as) the Core...", I pointed out that the dominant genre of modern African music in 2013-14 was the ballad. That's what the evidence I had seen told READ MORE
14. Down by Quick Rocka ft. Mimi Mars (2017):
With Down, sung in both Swahili and English, Quick Rocka and Mimi Mars (both Tanzanian) deliver an engaging dance-floor hit. The tunes are superbly primed, with a READ MORE
13. Mfata by Charly na Nina (2017):
In Mfata, the Charly na (= and) Nina duo from Rwanda sings a very cheerful and quick-paced song in perfect harmony of voice, and dances in wonderful synchronicity READ MORE
12. To Dondwa by F'Victeam (2017):
Fally Ipupa is at it again with his friends in this 'journey' To Dondwa. Each has a turn in this up-beat song, rendered suavely in a sort of Lingala Pop. The dancing is READ MORE
11. Enjala by Sheebah ft. Cathy Patra x Rozmerie Atim x Vee Vicey (2017):
Enjala, one understands, means hunger; and it may mean nails or talons. As a song, Enjala will mean whatever suits Sheebah's fancy. How it's sung and accompanied and READ MORE
10. Ofana Nawe by Mafikizolo ft. Yemi Alade (2017):
The song Ofana Nawe (meaning "There's no one like you") is easily misunderstood in certain circles as gospel, as we try to explain below; but it is not. Still, it might as well READ MORE
9. Calée by Daphne (2017):
Multi-lingual Daphne, from Cameroon, sings Calée in a happy and obviously optimistic and romantic tone. The band delivers carefully composed sounds which go right along READ MORE
8. Babiee by Avril ft. A Pass
Babiee showcases the fine talents of two classy artistes from East Africa -- she from Kenya and he from Uganda. They deliver the lyrics... and the totality of this READ MORE
7. Pose by DJ Xclusive ft Tiwa Savage x Solidstar (2017):
Pose, rich in samba memes, is a fine piece by masters of delight. A song of pure melody, with seamless voice modulations and unexpected word-plays. The lyrics are free READ MORE
6. Tonight The Band Beca x Petra (2017):
In Tonight, which gives us nearly 5 minutes of silky funk, the youthful and self-assured Kenyans, Band Beca, sing like seasoned artistes, with seductive pauses and READ MORE
5. 911 by Krizbeatz ft. Yemi Alade x Harmonize (2017):
As the video shows, the whole crew caught up in this 911 situation has contributed massively to its obvious and growing success. Everybody in it goes with the tastefully READ MORE
4. Inspire by Nameless (2017):
Inspire has a truly inspiring tone and an amazingly sunny tune. Nameless, whom we will call Adam, has gone (to the Maasai Mara) and done it, all within sight of the great READ MORE
3. Bounce by Vanessa Mdee ft. Maua Sama x Tommy Flavour (2017):
Bounce features two Tanzanian Divas with smooth-as-silk voices, and a style and charm to match the whole do: Vanessa Mdee and Maua Sama. It might as well be READ MORE
2. Kelele za Chura by Chege ft. Nandy (2017):
Tons of verve here! So much oomph! Kelele za Chura (Swahili phrase for frogs' croaking cacophony) is about the rock of love that ignores all prying eyes and treats all rumor READ MORE
1. Africa Unite by Nsoki ft. DJ Maphorisa and DJ Paulo Alves(2017):
Seven years after Waka Waka (This Time for Africa), that iconic song sung and danced by Shakira and her South African companions at the 2010 FIFA World Cup, comes a worthy successor -- Africa Unite. READ MORE
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Links To Relevant Lists From Previous Years:
1. Africa's 40 Happiest Songs of The Year, 2016
Seven years after Waka Waka (This Time for Africa), that iconic song sung and danced by Shakira and her South African companions at the 2010 FIFA World Cup, comes a worthy successor -- Africa Unite. READ MORE
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Links To Relevant Lists From Previous Years:
1. Africa's 40 Happiest Songs of The Year, 2016
[Follow Mauri Yambo]
Thursday, February 08, 2018
MUSIC (Uganda): Stirring "Tukiggale" by Eddy Yawe and Carol Nantongo
Tukiggale (= "Let's [get] close") is a song full of cheer, and such an enjoyable 'moment'. Every second of it is a thrill, and every thrill cascades. It shares out ample servings of rousing tunes and surprising aural turns and detours -- in an altogether uplifting and engaged way.
Click to watch the video
Eddy Yawe punctuates this whole do, this unending ebb and flow, with his stirring and well-timed hook: Tukiggale! And Carol Nantongo fits right in with her all-cheer singing and supple moves. She is, in fact, the heart of the party. The dance-floor is, as a result of all this energy and fire and close 'connecting', ablaze with feel-good feelings and thrilled body texts.
READ: The Tukiggale Lyrics
Wednesday, February 07, 2018
Tiwa Savage's "All Over"
All Over is not that "all over", by any stretch of the imagination. It is, instead, just the anthem for a tropical/summertime interlude between summer this and summer next. A getaway from, well, everything. Tiwa and all dem gals be havin' a carefree fun fair in a dreamland of their own.
Men be pure (abs)traction, right now. Alright, all gift-wrapped in tender, ringing, goose-bumping tunefulness. Under blue-sky. Is all.
Click to watch the video
MUSIC (Uganda) REMA's "Banyabo"
A stunning location is the setting for this finely-weaved song. REMA is all feline-power here: Fine threads, a well-tended voice, and a readiness to play the generous and cosy host. A woman of integrity is the image she's projecting here.
Click to watch the video
A Ugandan, REMA sings in the tradition of all those great Southern African women: Makeba (Hapo Zamani), Dorothy Masuka (MaGumede), Brenda Fassie (Vulindlela), Yvonne Chaka Chaka (Umqombothi), and the like.
Top 40 Pop Songs of 2017 By/Featuring East African Queens ~ #TheYamboSelection
Introduction and Selection Criteria for Africa's Top Songs of 2017
After the belated publication of Africa's Top Songs for each of the years running from 2010 to 2013, the 2017 list now represents the eighth annual ranking in #TheYamboSelection series. The same criteria have been used this year (January to December 2017) as were used last year to select and rank the best pop songs out of those released or published during the year. The longest list of top songs had 25 titles in 2014, but this number has been set at 40 since 2015.
Before the entire Top 40 list is released, smaller "vertical" segments are released as follows: Top 5, Top 10, Top 20 and Top 25 (particularly where we can't go from 20 straight to 40, for one reason or another). This is intended to facilitate subsequent online search by individuals who may be interested only in specific segments...READ MORE
Before the entire Top 40 list is released, smaller "vertical" segments are released as follows: Top 5, Top 10, Top 20 and Top 25 (particularly where we can't go from 20 straight to 40, for one reason or another). This is intended to facilitate subsequent online search by individuals who may be interested only in specific segments...READ MORE
List of Top 40 Pop Songs of 2017 By/Featuring East African Queens ~ #TYS
[Note: Lists for earlier years appear at the bottom of this page]
[Note: Lists for earlier years appear at the bottom of this page]
Click on a Song's Title to Watch the Video
40. Run Tin by King Kaka ft. Fena Gitu (2017):
Run Tin has a superb opening tune, for some 30 seconds or so. This yields to King Kaka's distinctive rap 'affair', and fine reggae vibes from Fena Gitu. But poor lighting mars the video.
39. Banyabo by REMA (2017):
A stunning location is the setting for this finely-weaved song. REMA is all feline-power here: Fine threads, a well-tended voice, and a readiness to play the generous and READ MORE
38. Face to Face by Charly na Nina (2017):
Fine tunes accompany this Charly na Nina song. A cheerful beat and the call to hot-blooded guys, "Be my guy", will be too inviting for certain types already enticed with subtle melody.
37. Kyolowoza By Irene Ntale (2017):
Kyolowoza is about the sentiments and routines that keep couples/families together while temporarily apart (Interview). The song handles this tricky matter with a gentle, loving tone.
36. Yegwe Munange by Serena Bata (2017):
Yegwe Munange is more than the usual music video offering. It has a distinctive visual-arts orientation, as if the product of a self-respecting School of (Visual) Art. The dance READ MORE
35. Only You by Amber Lulu (2017):
A rousing tune invites all to this jam session filled with pleasant sounds and "brave" visuals. Amber Lulu is fully engaged in this beat filled act. It ends too soon, alas, at 2:44 minutes.
34. Attention by Vivian ft. Redsan (2017):
Attention is a cheerful song by two Kenyan artistes. It fuses two genres -- Genge (Vivian) and Reggae (Redsan). It is energetic and fun -- with cheerful voices and engaging dance-hall tunes.
33. Utamu by Lulu Diva (2017):
The character Lulu acts here sings with the assurance that only she knows the Utamu (= sweetness/bliss) of her marital life. She has a defiant return-fire: All detractors be losers. The Lyrics
32. One Day by Nandy (2017):
Nandy's love song, One Day, belongs in the 'set-book' genre of torn love, as seen from the eye-view of a post-puberty babe on the 'edge'. She's torn between a sense of love READ MORE
31. Uko by Avril (2017):
The 'haunting' images in Uko leave no doubt that we have here video art of the highest quality. Due credit to Director J Blessing, then. It is all in support of the main READ MORE
30. Ya Nini by Alicious ft. Khaligraph Jones (2017):
Ya Nini, sung in both Swahili and Lingala as well as some English, is a fusion of rap (infused with Sheng) and a rousing version of Lingala Pop. It is a sort of Eastlands READ MORE
29. John Rambo by Sheebah (2017):
John Rambo is Sheebah's latest personification of her love-idea. He's a good excuse for fine and suggestive moves and postures, as well as lovey lyrics. And she's of course READ MORE
28. Dedee by Mimi Mars (2017):
A relaxed and confident Mimi sings an adorable song here, about all those hard-to-express love feelings that felt Love easily engenders. It has a lovely tone, too, which READ MORE
27. Dow by Rosa Ree (2017):
Dow is Rosa Ree's more than "more of the same" offering. This Tanzanian rap sensation previously (in 2016) gave us that Rap Queen Kong treat titled One Time. It was too READ MORE http:
26. Tukiggale by Eddy Yawe ft. Carol Nantongo (2017):
Tukiggale (= "Let's [get] close") is a song full of cheer, and such an enjoyable 'moment'. Every second of it is a thrill, and every thrill cascades. It shares out ample servings READ MORE
25. Give it to Me by Lulu Diva (2017):
Lulu Diva's puff-puffing, equatorial train-ride is as a fine an excuse as you can get for another kind of journey she's prepared just for you (guys): a seductive and READ MORE
24. Babiee by Avril ft. A Pass (2017):
Babiee showcases the fine talents of two classy artistes from East Africa -- she from Kenya and he from Uganda. They deliver the lyrics -- about lingering doubts in a READ MORE
23. Weekend by Sheebah ft. Runtown (2017):
Weekend, sung by Sheebah and Runtown, is a superb collaboration by two musical pillars in Uganda and Nigeria. The video invokes images of weekend dos-andREAD MORE
22. Mfata by Charly na Nina (2017):It's clearly
In Mfata, the Charly na (= and) Nina duo sings a very cheerful and quick-paced song in perfect harmony of voice, and dances in wonderful synchronicity with the sounds READ MORE
21. Najiuliza by Chege ft. Ray C x Sanaipei Tande (2017):
20. Oh Na Na by Ang3lina (2017):
Ang3elina is obviously happy here singing her love song, Oh Na Na (as in Go Down). All the dancing we see reflects happy moods too. Love-induced happiness is imprinted in the lyrics.
19. Zahabu by Charly na Nina (2017):
Zahabu (= Gold), a dance-song in three languages, is a happy song -- though less so than Mfata. Dancing bodies are variously happy bodies. Physically sick bodies don't routinely dance.
18. Kigori by Shilole (2017):
In Kigori, Shilole returns to allusions that flavored some of her past songs. Still, it emits happy vibes, after a fashion. You see that in the upbeat tune, and the body texts. All's ample here.
17. Unanimaliza by Ray C (2017):
Ray C's earlier works are well-remembered by those who heard them. In tone and mien, Unanimaliza (= you finish me) is back-to-the-future of sorts.The tune's good. Her eyes still finish folks.
16. Shuga by Mimi Mars (2017):
Shuga is a high-spirited love song, packed with tender feelings. Mimi Mars, the songstress, plays here the role of a love-bird getting set to welcome her man (her Shuga) READ MORE
15. Right Here by Juliana Kanyomozi (2017):
The theme in Juliana Kanyomozi's ballad, Right Here, is love. The song is an expression of constant love, wherever her man go. The music captures the free-flowing mood in the lyrics.
14. Down by Quick Rocca ft. Mimi Mars (2017):
With Down, sung in both Swahili and English, Quick Rocka and Mimi Mars (both Tanzanian) deliver an engaging dance-floor hit. The tunes are superbly primed, with READ MORE
13. Up in the Air by Rosa Ree (2017):
The tunes and the beat that go with Rosa Ree's defiant and self-loving rap, Up in the Air, will draw warm attention from 'most everyone. This gives her the platform to take on READ MORE
12. Hata Sielewi by MwanaFA ft. Maua Sama (2017):
Hata Sielewi ( = I don't really understand what you're saying) portrays the difficulties experienced when attempting to express love sentiments across language barriers READ MORE
11. Binkolera by Sheebah ft. The Ben (2017):
A rousing start to the singing, and the video, places Binkolera
heads-and-shoulders above many of its 'peers'. And we find Sheebah doing her usual naughty and devil-ma READ MORE
10. Bajaj by Navy Kenzo ft. Patoranking (2017):
As we hear in the song's refrain, the essential message which singers Navy Kenzo (the Tanzanian duo) and Patoranking (the Nigerian) push in Bajaj is: Never treat a woman READ MORE
9. Usimwache by Lulu Diva (2017):
Usimwache ("Don't you leave him") is a friendly, feel-good song of advice. It sugarcoats improbable counsel to a friend contemplating parting ways with her beau. He READ MORE
8. Do Me Good by ExQ ft. Lulu Diva (2017):
Do Me Good is a boisterous coming together of yin and yang. It's an imaginary, rough-edged expression of sub-Saharan attraction. The two singers, from Zimbabwe and READ MORE
7. Tonight by Band Beca ft. Petra (2017):
In Tonight, which gives us nearly 5 minutes of silky funk, the youthful and self-assured Kenyans, Band Beca, sing like seasoned artistes, with seductive pauses READ MORE
6. Enjala by Sheebah ft. Cathy Patra x Rozmerie Atim x Vee Vicey (2017):
Enjala, one understands, means hunger; and it may mean nails or talons. As a song, Enjala will mean whatever suits Sheebah's fancy. How it's sung and accompanied and READ MORE
5. China Love by Victoria Kimani ft. R. City (2017):
China Love is fine chinaware, so to speak, tastefully punctuated at eight cleverly timed points by a majestic command: GO! Still, the Great Question prompted by the song's READ MORE
4. Kelele za Chura by Chege ft. Nandy (2017):
Tons of verve here! So much oomph! Kelele za Chura (Swahili phrase for frogs' croaking cacophony) is about the rock of love that ignores all prying eyes and treats all rumor READ MORE
3. Kiba_100 by Rostam ft. Maua Sama (2017):
Gifted with such a precious voice as she has, Maua Sama (Summer Flower, if you want) is at the top of her game in this finely weaved song -- a song with what a drab READ MORE
2. Inspire by Nameless (2017):
Inspire has a truly inspiring tone and an amazingly sunny tune. Nameless, whom we will call Adam, has gone (to the Maasai Mara) and done it, all within sight of the great READ MORE
1. Bounce by Vanessa Mdee ft. Maua Sama x Tommy Flavour (2017):
Bounce features two Tanzanian Divas with smooth-as-silk voices, and a style and charm to match the whole do: Vanessa Mdee and Maua Sama. It might as well be READ MORE
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Links To Relevant Lists From Previous Years
Africa:
1. Top 40 Pop Songs of 2016 By/Feat African Divas
East Africa:
1. Top 40 Pop Songs of 2016 By/Feat East African Divas
Africa:
1. Top 40 Pop Songs of 2016 By/Feat African Divas
East Africa:
1. Top 40 Pop Songs of 2016 By/Feat East African Divas
Unajua by Gilad ft. Wendy Kimani
In Unajua, Gilad who can hardly speak Swahili teams up with Wendy Kimani to sing a superbly tuneful Swahili+English song in the key of Love.
Click to watch the video
This former Deputy Israeli Ambassador to Kenya with long-standing interest in music kicks off the song with remarkable confidence, and to great effect. Wendy joins in halfway through this 4:17-minute song to add even more verve to this feel-good offering shot in Kenya.
Proof of this 'pudding' is in the 2,7148,919 viewings recorded since the song was published on July 22, 2015.
READ: About Gilad
Labels:
Ambassador,
English,
Gilad,
Israeli,
Kenya,
Swahili,
Unajua,
Wendy Kimani
MUSIC (Uganda): Serena Bata's Yegwe Munange
Yegwe Munange (= It's you, Babe) is more than the usual music video offering. It has a distinctive visual-arts orientation, as if the product of a self-respecting School of (Visual) Art. The dance moves are not spins off your usual pop affair.
Click to watch the video
The music, too, has a measured and even cultured tune; as if aligned to a higher standard than the norm. Serena sings in a serene and assuring tone, with an angelic smile and a regal mien. Her love song is, well, of a pristine kind.
The video's ambience -- everything you see in it -- is just so beautifully in place or in deliberate and stylized motion. Routine interactions have become animated paintings. The children, who "shouldn't be there", caricature adult life -- and so, subtly, find an accepted place in all this creative mix.
The lyrics, which anchor all that fine singing and motion, are pretty prosaic, however, when you do get to read them. An intriguing disconnect.
Find the Lyrics here
Tuesday, February 06, 2018
MUSIC: One Day by Nandy
Nandy's love song, One Day, belongs in the 'set-book' genre of torn love, as seen from the eye-view of a post-puberty babe on the 'edge'.
Click to watch the video
She's torn between a sense of love as a 'field of dreams' and a raging 'real-life' pressure to steadfastly commit, already, to the one. That is, between the bird in hand, warts and all, and that perfect 'object of desire' that lurks in the uncertain and treacherous bush of life.
The music fits the purpose. The song is a mix of Swahili and English, a growing trend in Tanzania. The theme is, as already indicated, universal.
Here: The One Day lyrics
Uko by Avril
The 'haunting' images in Uko (= slang for "Where are you?") leave no doubt that we have here video art of the highest quality. Due credit to Director J Blessing, then. It is all in support of the main idea here: Avril as a young lady desperately and with obvious frustration searching for her out-of-sight friends.
Click to watch the video
They are very much on her agitated mind. She loves them, even: "Where are you, you, you!" And we have more than a hint that there is a particular man in the mix, camouflaged by the plurality. You can discern this in the singular "Uko" in the song's title, and in the body of the lyrics, written both in Swahili and English: "Uko, uko, uko, uko...". Shame on him!
This is a classical, and universal, story-line. It's owned by no one living. It all depends on how you treat it. Avril has been accused of blatantly copying Beyonce (see the comments below the video). I've had no time yet to check this out, but when I do I'll have to weigh it against that universal thread. In the meantime, I take the video at face value.
Avril's vocal performance, at the core of it all, is of the highest order as well. Her acting amply mirrors it. Her voice is distinctly hers -- indubitably Avril's. The background music is truly equal to the task. It is inspired and captivating. The band super-performs. This is a fine, fine show.
Here are the Uko lyrics
Ya Nini by Alicios ft. Khaligraph Jones
Ya Nini, sung in both Swahili and Lingala as well as some English, is a fusion of rap (infused with Sheng) and a rousing version of Lingala Pop. It is a sort of Eastlands Love matter. That's Nairobi's Eastlands, where Africa comes to live together.
Click to watch the video
Alicios provides here a tune that excites and distinguishes. It's moderately fast-paced, and will easily prompt folks to the dance floor. The lyrics are defiant, too. She is so so not into folks out to scuttle love, as though (kama) it's ever a one-sided affair -- "kama ndoto si ya wawili".
Khaligraph Jones is content to give the essential vocal back-up here, and to lend his always-magnetic presence. The invisible guitarist adds lots of magic into the whole mix.
You may also wish to watch:
1. Posa ya Bolingo by Alicios
2. Micasa Sucasa by Khaligraph Jones ft. Cashy
Sheebah's John Rambo
John Rambo is Sheebah's latest personification of her love-idea. He's a good excuse for fine and suggestive moves and postures, as well as lovey lyrics. And she's of course singing for all 'sisters' who have felt love. And all the guys who want in.
Click to watch the video
Her incomparable voice comes through here, fully fit for the occasion -- what with that quivering touch, sparingly heard. Her art is finely finished.
Dede by Mimi Mars
A relaxed and confident Mimi sings an adorable song here, about all those hard-to-express love feelings that felt Love easily engenders. It has a lovely tone, too, which is just fine for all the "tamu, tamu" of idealized, adoring Love.
Click to watch the video
The singing is accompanied with laid-back and pleasant tunes, in this sunny proposition. She's on her back for more than a good portion of the episode. But that's OK, really. It even adds variety to the customary postures -- the ones that one gets to expect in a music video these days.
A holiday mood envelopes the whole thing, in the end. And it carries you along -- to wherever.
Monday, February 05, 2018
Oyi Remix ~ A Delightful Flavour-Savage Duet
Oyi Remix is a delightful duet involving two Pop Superstars from Nigeria -- Mr. Flavour and Tiwa Savage. Set in make-believe wintry diaspora, the music video has all the flavorful treatment that any moving love song's supposed to have -- and is energized by a 'savage' power of attraction boosted by long 'oversea' absence. It is, that is, all about raging, mutual desire stoked by 'far' distance and associated longing.
Click to watch the video
The song's lyrics fit right into the story -- and are indeed the story. The tune is just the thing for the emotions of this 'farland'-implicated affair.
Thus (excerpts from the lyrics):
He ~
"See I dey catch(e) cold, eh ah.
Baby I dey catch(e) cold..."
"My jollof rice oh
How you dey do today...
My tomato jos(e) oh"
"... now I'm dulling
"... now I'm dulling
Cause here is so so boring..."
She ~
"Wahala don come...
I think I've found the one...
My heart keeps racing
It just won't stop..."
"So just say the word...
I'll jump, jump, run, run
As far as I can get to you."
CLICK: The Oyi Remix Lyrics
NOTE: The Oyi Remix video was published on February 8th, 2012. As of today (February 5th, 2018), it has registered a total of 20,341,381 views (that number has risen by 175 views since I started taking notes and writing, and rewriting, this post some 50 minutes ago).
CLICK: The Oyi Remix Lyrics
NOTE: The Oyi Remix video was published on February 8th, 2012. As of today (February 5th, 2018), it has registered a total of 20,341,381 views (that number has risen by 175 views since I started taking notes and writing, and rewriting, this post some 50 minutes ago).
Top 25 Pop Songs of 2017 By or Featuring East African Queens ~ #TheYamboSelection
Introduction and Selection Criteria for Africa's Top Songs of 2017
After the belated publication of Africa's Top Songs for each of the years running from 2010 to 2013, the 2017 list now represents the eighth annual ranking in #TheYamboSelection series. The same criteria have been used this year (January to December 2017) as were used last year to select and rank the best pop songs out of those released or published during the year. The longest list of top songs had 25 titles in 2014, but this number has been set at 40 since 2015.
Before the entire Top 40 list is released, smaller "vertical" segments are released as follows: Top 5, Top 10, Top 20 and Top 25 (particularly where we can't go from 20 straight to 40, for one reason or another). This is intended to facilitate subsequent online search by individuals who may be interested only in specific segments...READ MORE
Before the entire Top 40 list is released, smaller "vertical" segments are released as follows: Top 5, Top 10, Top 20 and Top 25 (particularly where we can't go from 20 straight to 40, for one reason or another). This is intended to facilitate subsequent online search by individuals who may be interested only in specific segments...READ MORE
List of Top 25 Pop Songs of 2017 By/Featuring East Asrican Queens ~ #TYS
[Note: Lists for earlier years appear at the bottom of this page]
[Note: Lists for earlier years appear at the bottom of this page]
Click on a Song's Title to Watch the Video
25. Give it to Me by Lulu Diva (2017):
Lulu Diva's puff-puffing, equatorial train-ride is as a fine an excuse as you can get for another kind of journey she's prepared just for you (guys): a seductive and READ MORE
24. Babiee by Avril ft. A Pass (2017):
Babiee showcases the fine talents of two classy artistes from East Africa -- she from Kenya and he from Uganda. They deliver the lyrics -- about lingering doubts in a boy-girl relationship -- and the totality of this refresh READ MORE
23. Weekend by Sheebah ft. Runtown (2017):
Weekend, sung by Sheebah and Runtown, is a superb collaboration by two musical pillars in Uganda and Nigeria. The video invokes images of weekend dos-and-dos that are clearly the stuff of daydreams, and 'endmont READ MORE
22. Mfata by Charly na Nina (2017):It's clearly
In Mfata, the Charly na (= and) Nina duo sings a very cheerful and quick-paced song in perfect harmony of voice, and dances in wonderful synchronicity with the sounds which the band delivers so effortlessly and with such in READ MORE
21. Najiuliza by Chege ft. Ray C x Sanaipei Tande (2017):
Lulu Diva's puff-puffing, equatorial train-ride is as a fine an excuse as you can get for another kind of journey she's prepared just for you (guys): a seductive and READ MORE
24. Babiee by Avril ft. A Pass (2017):
Babiee showcases the fine talents of two classy artistes from East Africa -- she from Kenya and he from Uganda. They deliver the lyrics -- about lingering doubts in a boy-girl relationship -- and the totality of this refresh READ MORE
23. Weekend by Sheebah ft. Runtown (2017):
Weekend, sung by Sheebah and Runtown, is a superb collaboration by two musical pillars in Uganda and Nigeria. The video invokes images of weekend dos-and-dos that are clearly the stuff of daydreams, and 'endmont READ MORE
22. Mfata by Charly na Nina (2017):It's clearly
In Mfata, the Charly na (= and) Nina duo sings a very cheerful and quick-paced song in perfect harmony of voice, and dances in wonderful synchronicity with the sounds which the band delivers so effortlessly and with such in READ MORE
21. Najiuliza by Chege ft. Ray C x Sanaipei Tande (2017):
Najiuliza is about a 'sisterly' tussle between two fine ladies over a wily man they both love in almost equal measure; and the man's happy dilemma, cast in song, about which one to choose.
20. Oh Na Na by Ang3lina (2017):
Ang3elina is obviously happy here singing her love song, Oh Na Na (as in Go Down). All the dancing we see reflects happy moods too. Love-induced happiness is imprinted in the lyrics.
Zahabu (= Gold), a dance-song in three languages, is a happy song -- though less so than Mfata. Dancing bodies are variously happy bodies. Physically sick bodies don't routinely dance.
In Kigori, Shilole returns to allusions that flavored some of her past songs. Still, it emits happy vibes, after a fashion. You see that in the upbeat tune, and the body texts. All's ample here.
Ray C's earlier songs are fondly remembered by her fans. In tone and mien, Unanimaliza (= you finish me), is back-to-the-future of sorts.The tune's good. Her eyes still finish folks.
16. Shuga by Mimi Mars (2017):
Shuga is a high-spirited love song, packed with tender feelings. Mimi Mars, the songstress, plays here the role of a love-bird getting set to welcome her man (her Shuga) READ MORE
The theme in Juliana Kanyomozi's ballad, Right Here, is love. The song is an affirmation of constant love, where-ever 'her' man may go. The music captures the lyrics' free-flowing mood.
14. Down by Quick Rocca ft. Mimi Mars (2017):
With Down, sung in both Swahili and English, Quick Rocka and Mimi Mars (both Tanzanian) deliver an engaging dance-floor hit. The tunes are superbly primed, with READ MORE
The tunes and the beat that go with Rosa Ree's defiant and self-loving rap, Up in the Air, will draw warm attention from 'most everyone. This gives her the platform to take on READ MORE
12. Hata Sielewi by MwanaFA ft. Maua Sama (2017):
Hata Sielewi ( = I don't really understand what you're saying) portrays the difficulties experienced when attempting to express love sentiments across language barriers READ MORE
11. Binkolera by Sheebah ft. The Ben (2017):
A rousing start to the singing, and the video, places Binkolera
heads-and-shoulders above many of its 'peers'. And we find Sheebah doing her usual naughty and d READ MORE
10. Bajaj by Navy Kenzo ft. Patoranking (2017):
10. Bajaj by Navy Kenzo ft. Patoranking (2017):
As we hear in the song's refrain, the essential message which singers Navy Kenzo (the Tanzanian duo) and Patoranking (the Nigerian) push in Bajaj is: Never treat a woman READ MORE
9. Usimwache by Lulu Diva (2017):
Usimwache ("Don't you leave him") is a friendly, feel-good song of advice. It sugarcoats improbable counsel to a friend contemplating parting ways with her beau. READ MORE
8. Do Me Good by ExQ ft. Lulu Diva (2017):
Do Me Good is a boisterous coming together of yin and yang. It's an imaginary, rough-edged expression of sub-Saharan attraction. The two singers, from READ MORE
7. Tonight by Band Beca ft. Petra (2017):
In Tonight, which gives us nearly 5 minutes of silky funk, the youthful and self-assured Kenyans, Band Beca, sing like seasoned artistes, with seductive pauses and READ MORE
6. Enjala by Sheebah ft. Cathy Patra x Rozmerie Atim x Vee Vicey (2017):
Enjala, one understands, means hunger; and it may mean nails or talons. As a song, Enjala will mean whatever suits Sheebah's fancy. How it's sung and accompanied and READ MORE
5. China Love by Victoria Kimani ft. R. City (2017):
China Love is fine chinaware, so to speak, tastefully punctuated at eight cleverly timed points by a majestic command: GO! Still, the Great Question prompted by the READ MORE
4. Kelele za Chura by Chege ft. Nandy (2017):
Tons of verve here! So much oomph! Kelele za Chura (Swahili phrase for frogs' croaking cacophony) is about the rock of love that ignores all prying eyes and treats all rumor READ MORE
3. Kiba_100 by Rostam ft. Maua Sama (2017):
Gifted with such a precious voice as she has, Maua Sama (Summer Flower, if you want) is at the top of her game in this finely weaved song -- a song with what a drab READ MORE
2. Inspire by Nameless (2017):
Inspire has a truly inspiring tone and an amazingly sunny tune. Nameless, whom we will call Adam, has gone (to the Maasai Mara) and done it, all within sight of the great READ MORE
1. Bounce by Vanessa Mdee ft. Maua Sama x Tommy Flavour (2017):
Bounce features two Tanzanian Divas with smooth-as-silk voices, and a style and charm to match the whole do: Vanessa Mdee and Maua Sama. It might as well be READ MORE
Gifted with such a precious voice as she has, Maua Sama (Summer Flower, if you want) is at the top of her game in this finely weaved song -- a song with what a drab READ MORE
2. Inspire by Nameless (2017):
Inspire has a truly inspiring tone and an amazingly sunny tune. Nameless, whom we will call Adam, has gone (to the Maasai Mara) and done it, all within sight of the great READ MORE
1. Bounce by Vanessa Mdee ft. Maua Sama x Tommy Flavour (2017):
Bounce features two Tanzanian Divas with smooth-as-silk voices, and a style and charm to match the whole do: Vanessa Mdee and Maua Sama. It might as well be READ MORE
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Links To Relevant Lists From Previous Years
Africa:
East Africa:
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)