Showing posts with label Plan. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Plan. Show all posts
Wednesday, March 15, 2017
A Thought ~ 15: Tomorrow will, as always, show up
Plan - plant - as though there is tomorrow. Don't binge, as though there won't be.
Tuesday, June 07, 2016
POVERTY ERADICATION AND EMPLOYMENT CREATION IN KENYA: Conceptual Challenges, Policy Articulation and Plan Targets
ABSTRACT*
The main objective of this paper is to study the extent to which the goals of employment creation and poverty eradication have been achieved in Kenya. A conceptual framework is proposed, which suggests that there is an underlying logical chain of action which programme designers do or should follow, and which observers should track. It is problem-oriented and binary in character. Its starting point is the basic development problems common to the SDD (Social Dimensions of Development) and SED (Small Enterprise Development) programmes, and to successive National Development Plans and related Sessional Papers. These problems are, specifically: Poverty and Unemployment.
The latest development plan shows that about eleven million Kenyans live in absolute poverty in 1997, mostly in rural areas. Some 53% of female-headed households are poor, and female-headed households represent 30% of all households in the country. UNDP's 1997 Human Development Report ranks Kenya 32nd among 78 developing countries in terms of the new Human Poverty Index (HPI), and 134th among 175 developed and developing countries in terms of the older Human Development Index (HDI). Some 26.1% of Kenyans suffer from "human poverty". In contrast, 50% of Kenyans suffered income poverty in 1989-94, earning less than $1 (PPP$) per day. In terms of the national poverty line, however, the number of Kenyans in poverty was 37% of the total during that period.
Kenya's 1997 HPI ranking suggests that income poverty is a greater problem for Kenyans than "human poverty". This is still a matter of concern, for it is likely that households will not long preserve gains made against "human poverty" if their income poverty persists. The centrality of employment in assured poverty reduction thus needs to be re-emphasized, particularly where inroads against "human poverty" are increasingly being made.
It is argued here that there is at present a deficit of 260,000 employment opportunities in Kenya per year. An Employment Parity Plan is proposed for the period 1999 to 2009, at the end of which there will be a parity between new employment opportunities and new labour market entrants each year. This plan also features in a set of 18 national targets which are specified to address the problems of poverty and unemployment. Indicated as well are the resources required to realize most targets, and a method for determining the required resource levels for the rest is suggested. Finally, ways of obtaining the required resources are suggested.
CLICK HERE TO READ THE WHOLE PAPER
*Note: This paper, written in 1997, is a condensed version of a paper I wrote in the same year.
The main objective of this paper is to study the extent to which the goals of employment creation and poverty eradication have been achieved in Kenya. A conceptual framework is proposed, which suggests that there is an underlying logical chain of action which programme designers do or should follow, and which observers should track. It is problem-oriented and binary in character. Its starting point is the basic development problems common to the SDD (Social Dimensions of Development) and SED (Small Enterprise Development) programmes, and to successive National Development Plans and related Sessional Papers. These problems are, specifically: Poverty and Unemployment.
The latest development plan shows that about eleven million Kenyans live in absolute poverty in 1997, mostly in rural areas. Some 53% of female-headed households are poor, and female-headed households represent 30% of all households in the country. UNDP's 1997 Human Development Report ranks Kenya 32nd among 78 developing countries in terms of the new Human Poverty Index (HPI), and 134th among 175 developed and developing countries in terms of the older Human Development Index (HDI). Some 26.1% of Kenyans suffer from "human poverty". In contrast, 50% of Kenyans suffered income poverty in 1989-94, earning less than $1 (PPP$) per day. In terms of the national poverty line, however, the number of Kenyans in poverty was 37% of the total during that period.
Kenya's 1997 HPI ranking suggests that income poverty is a greater problem for Kenyans than "human poverty". This is still a matter of concern, for it is likely that households will not long preserve gains made against "human poverty" if their income poverty persists. The centrality of employment in assured poverty reduction thus needs to be re-emphasized, particularly where inroads against "human poverty" are increasingly being made.
It is argued here that there is at present a deficit of 260,000 employment opportunities in Kenya per year. An Employment Parity Plan is proposed for the period 1999 to 2009, at the end of which there will be a parity between new employment opportunities and new labour market entrants each year. This plan also features in a set of 18 national targets which are specified to address the problems of poverty and unemployment. Indicated as well are the resources required to realize most targets, and a method for determining the required resource levels for the rest is suggested. Finally, ways of obtaining the required resources are suggested.
CLICK HERE TO READ THE WHOLE PAPER
*Note: This paper, written in 1997, is a condensed version of a paper I wrote in the same year.
Friday, June 03, 2016
Training in Kenya: Current and Future Roles of MTTAT ~ Discussion Paper
I. TRAINING IN KENYA: AN OVERVIEW
I.1. Current Policy
At the national level, policy is generically to be understood as a statement of basic principles, broadly-defined goals and/or overall strategies formulated by the state to govern an important segment of national life. A given set of policy statements may change or be modified, abruptly or gradually over time, ahead of the actions to which they call attention or, often enough, after the fact. Sometimes only aspects of a policy change. Sometimes there is no written policy as such -- merely the leanings and gesticulations, so to speak, of the key actors.
Kenya's training policy has so far not been consolidated into any single document. Consequently, some sort of gleaning must be undertaken if a synthesis is to be attempted. Moreover, though MTTAT is "the" training Ministry, not all published policy statements are issued by it. Indeed, many predate its creation in March 1988.
According to the Kamunge report (1988: 35), Kenya's training policy emphasizes the following objectives:
CLICK HERE TO READ THE WHOLE PAPER
I.1. Current Policy
At the national level, policy is generically to be understood as a statement of basic principles, broadly-defined goals and/or overall strategies formulated by the state to govern an important segment of national life. A given set of policy statements may change or be modified, abruptly or gradually over time, ahead of the actions to which they call attention or, often enough, after the fact. Sometimes only aspects of a policy change. Sometimes there is no written policy as such -- merely the leanings and gesticulations, so to speak, of the key actors.
Kenya's training policy has so far not been consolidated into any single document. Consequently, some sort of gleaning must be undertaken if a synthesis is to be attempted. Moreover, though MTTAT is "the" training Ministry, not all published policy statements are issued by it. Indeed, many predate its creation in March 1988.
According to the Kamunge report (1988: 35), Kenya's training policy emphasizes the following objectives:
CLICK HERE TO READ THE WHOLE PAPER
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